ATOMS 4U

Acids are the substance which can donate  Hydrogen ions in solution or the substance which accept electrons . But now the question is how to know which acid is more acidic and which one is less .    For this you have to understand that Strong acid can easily donate H+ This state is valid for the molecules having Hydrogen atom in their molecules . acidic order/ Strength of halogens ( Hydrogen halides ) Hydrogen halides are the molecules having hydrogen and halide group(Fluorine , Chlorine , Bromine and Iodine ) .Bond length between Hydrogen halides increases down the group due to increase in the size of halide atom .  Increasing order of bond length : HI >HBr >HCl> HF Due to increase in bond length , bond strength become weaker down the group . Order of Bond strength : HF >HCl >HBr> HI It means that Hydrogen Iodide(HI) can easily donate proton ( due to weak bond ) into the solution and therefore it is most acidic hydrogen halide  whereas Flouri...

Solubility of a molecule or substance in water depends on the formation of bonds  between then water and a molecule .  Ortho-nitrophenol (o-nitrophenol) molecule forms intramolecular bonds with itself . Intramolecular bond means bonding within the molecule .This leds to no free -OH bond available for Hydrogen bond formation . Due to this , there is less bonding between water and o-nitrophenol  On the other hands , para-nitrophenol(o-nitrophenol ) has a free -OH bond and can form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding with water Molecules . Due to this they are more soluble in water . So , in short p-nitrophenol is more soluble than o-nitrophenol due to strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding