Why p-nitrophenol is more soluble in water than o-nitrophenol phenol ?

Solubility of a molecule or substance in water depends on the formation of bonds between then water and a molecule .

Ortho-nitrophenol (o-nitrophenol) molecule forms intramolecular bonds with itself . Intramolecular bond means bonding within the molecule .This leds to no free -OH bond available for Hydrogen bond formation . Due to this , there is less bonding between water and o-nitrophenol

On the other hands , para-nitrophenol(o-nitrophenol ) has a free -OH bond and can form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding with water Molecules . Due to this they are more soluble in water .

So , in short p-nitrophenol is more soluble than o-nitrophenol due to strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding

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