Skip to main content

Types of Solids- Crystalline and amorphous Solids

Solid is a rigid and incompressible state of matter . Due to high intermolecular forces and less intermolecular distance ,they are very difficult to compress . They have a definite shape and definite volume .

Solids are broadly classified into two types

1. Crystalline Solids
2. Amorphous Solids

1. Crystalline Solids 

●Solids in which the constituent particles are arranged in a definite and regular pattern is called as Crystalline Solids.
●They have long range order.  It means that the regularity in the arrangement of particles is up to long ranges
● They have sharp melting point . They do not melt at any temperature . When a particular temperature reached they start melting. 
● They are anisotropic in nature. It is a property of crystalline Solids to show different properties in different directions is called as anisotropy . 

Crystalline Solids can be isomorphous or polymorphous .

Isomorphous

●Two or more Substances having same Crystalline structures are called as isomorphous . 
●Isomorphous Substances have same atomic ratio .
Example : NaCl : MgO = 1:1 

Polymorphous

A single Substance that can be form  two or more Crystalline structure is called as Polymorphous . Alpha-quartz , beta-quartz and cristobalite are some crystalline structure of Silicon dioxide (SiO2) . 

It is also called as "Allotropic form " or "allotropy" . The difference between these two terms is that polymorphous is used for Substances but allotropy is used for an element . Example : Carbon can form different allotropes like Diamond , Graphite and fullerene . 

2. Amorphous Solids

●Solids in which the constituent particles are not arranged in definite and regular pattern are called as amorphous Solids .
●They have a short range order
●They do not have a sharp melting point . They melt over a wide range of temperature . 
●They are isotropic in nature . Solids having same properties in all direction are called as isotropic in nature .


Crystalline Solids are further classified into four types
1. Ionic Solids
2. Covalent Solids
3. Molecular Solids
4. Metallic Solids

1. Ionic Solids 

Constituent particles in Ionic Solids are ions . Ions can be cation or anion . These ions are held together by electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges . They are hard and brittle in nature . They have high melting point . They are bad Conductor of heat and electricity in solid state but good conductor of electricity when melted or dissolved in water. 
Examples : NaCl , CaF2 , MgCl2 ...

2. Covalent Solids

Constituent particles in covalent Solids are Covalently bonded atoms . These atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds . They are very hard in nature . Diamond is the hardest Substances Known is a type of Covalent Solids . They have very high melting point . They are bad Conductor of heat and electricity .
 Except : ● Graphite : Good Conductor of electricity .
 ● Diamond : Good Conductor of heat .

3. Molecular Solids

Constituent particles in molecular Solids are Molecules or monoatomic atoms like Helium , Argon , Hydrogen(H2) . These Molecules or atoms are held together by weak forces ( London force , Dipole - dipole force and hydrogen bonding ) . They are soft and have very low melting point . They are very bad Conductor of heat and electricity . 

4. Metallic Solids

Constituent particles in metallic Solids are metals and sea of free electrons . These electrons are free to move within the surface of metal . They is strong metallic bond between metal ions and sea of free electrons . They are soft as well as hard in nature . Their melting point also varies from low to very high . They are a good conductor of heat and electricity . They also show properties like malleability , ductility and lustre . 

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Types of reaction intermediates in organic chemistry

Intermediate is an unstable compound formed during a chemical reaction . This intermediate is very unstable and get converted  into product as soon as it forms . Reaction intermediate forms in one step of a chemical reaction and get converted into product in the next step .  There are basically four types of reaction intermediates in organic chemistry ◆Carbocation ◆carbanion ◆free radical ◆carbene Carbocation Carbocation is an intermediate in which  carbon atom carries a positive charge . Carbocation is obtained during heterolytic fission.  Heterolytic fission is defined as break down of covalent bond in such a way that more electronegative atom attract  both the electrons . Carbocation is formed when more electronegative atom is directly attached to carbon atom during fission . Carbocations are sp2 hybridized having trigonal planar geometry Stability of carbocation depends on how easily electron density of carbocation can be increased . More the electron donating or releasing  groups
Post a Comment
Read more

Why Solids are rigid and incompressible ?

Matter is anything that has a mass and occupy space . Ice  , pen , pencil ,dog , etc are examples of matter because they have some mass and they occupy space . There are basically three states of matter , ●Solid  ●Liquid ●Gas Solid   Solid is defined as rigid and incompressible state of matter .  Now the question is , why Solids are rigid and incompressible ? To answer this question , let's understand the properties of solids .  1.Solids have large intermolecular force of attraction . Intermolecular force is the force of attraction between to adjacent Molecules .  Higher the intermolecular force , more tightly they will attract each other and less movement of Molecules will occur . 2.Intermolecular distance in Solid is very less . Intermolecular distance is the distance between two adjacent molecules . Less the distance more will the intermolecular force of attraction . Intermolecular force is inversely proportional to intermolecular distance . 3.They have definite shap
Post a Comment
Read more

Most amazing Chemistry facts - unknown facts of chemistry

Chemistry facts Chemistry is full of Amazing and unknown facts . In this post , I  have show some Chemistry amazing and   daily life facts .    Following are some interesting Chemistry Facts :  Rain contain Vitamin ◆B12  Fool's Gold is also called to ◆Mineral Pyrite(FeS2)  Most Inert Element in Universe ◆Helium Most Ductile Element ◆Gold Only Letter that doesn't appear in Periodic Table ◆Letter 'j' Only Two Non -Silver Metal ◆Copper and Gold ◆You Can't Taste Food Without Saliva ◆Liquid Oxygen is blue in color ◆Elements Which are Liquid at Room Temperature ◆Bromine and Mercury softest Known Substance ◆talc ◆Lighter was invented before Match Stick ◆DNA don't Catch Fire ◆Many Radioactive Elements Glow in Dark ◆Frog Don't Drink Water They absorb it throw Atmosphere ◆Tooth Enamel is the Hardest Substance in Human Body Surface of Mars is Red due to Presence of  ◆Iron Oxide  If you have any amazing facts related to Chemistry then please comment ..
Post a Comment
Read more