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Some Basic Chemistry terms to boost your Chemistry concepts


Chemistry is also called as " Central Science " because we require the knowledge of Chemistry in various fields like physics , Biology , Biotechnology , Engineering and many more .

Here are some basic terms to  boost your Chemistry concepts.

Matter 

Matter is anything having mass and occupy space .
Examples : water , pen , cat , etc .

States of matter

Solid , liquid and gases are the basic states of matter . 

Solid state

Solids have fix shape and volume 
Examples : Ice , Duster , Board , etc

Liquid state

Liquids have definite volume but no definite shape .
Examples : water , petrol , Diesel , etc .

Gases state

Gases have no definite shape and volume .
Examples : Air ,  Hydrogen gas , Helium gas , etc . They occupy entire space of the container . 

Atom 

Atom is the basic unit of matter . All matter is made up of atoms . 

Subatomic particles of atom

Atom is made up of subatomic particles,
protons , Neutrons and electrons .

Parts of atom 

Atom is divided into two parts :

1.Nucleus

Central core part of atom is called Nucleus . Nucleus consist of protons and Neutrons. Overall charge on nucleus is positive.

Proton is positively charged  having mass of 1.672 X 10^-27 Kg and Neutron is  neutral in nature carries no charges .Mass of neutron is almost same as mass of proton(I.e 1.674 X 10^-27 Kg) . Whole mass of an atom is concentrated within the nucleus.

Electron 

Electron revolve around the nucleus in a particular orbit . Electron is negativity charged. Mass of electron  is about 9.1 X 10^-31 Kg and can be neglected in comparison with proton and Neutron .

Mass of proton is equal to 1837 times the mass of electron


Element 

Element is a Substance made up of same types of atoms . 
Examples : Gold , Silver , Iron 

Compound 

Compound is Substance made up of more than one types of atoms in a fixed proportion.
Examples : Water(H2O) , Carbon Dioxide(CO2)

Molecule 

Molecule is the basic unit of compound.
Molecule is made up of more than one atoms Chemically combined . Atoms can be of same or different types.
Examples : Hydrogen (H2) , Oxygen(O2) , Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Mixture .

Mixture is Substance made by combining  two or more Substance with no fix proportion.
Examples : Sugar in water , sand in water 

Types of mixtures

Mixtures can be of two types 
1.Homogeneous mixture

This type of mixtures have same composition throughout the mixture . There are present in a single phase(same phase)
Examples : Sugar in water , Salt in water 

2.Heterogeneous mixture

This type of mixtures have different composition throughout the mixture . There are present in More than one phase (different phases).
Examples : sand in water , Oil in water

Atomic number (Z)

It is the number of proton in the nucleus of an atom .For a neutral atom , Atomic number is equal to number of protons or number of electrons

Atomic mass number(A)

It is the sum of proton and Neutron present in the nucleus of an atom .

Atomic mass 

There is big difference between atomic mass and mass number 

Atomic mass is mass of Element with respect to 1/12 the mass of Carbon (C-12).
Here we compare the mass of Element with respect to Carbon(C-12) .

Mole concept 

Mole concept is very easy to understand but people get lot's of confusion initially .
Let's see what is mole concept .

Mole is a unit to express large number of atoms , Molecules or particles.

We know that , 12 banana = 1 dozen

In similar way 6.022 X 10^23 atoms , Molecule or particles = 1 Mole of atoms , Molecules or particles

Numerically it is expressed as ,

Number of moles 

= Mass of Substance ÷ molar mass of     Substance

What is Chemical bond ?

Chemical bond is the force of interaction ( attraction or repulsion ) between two atoms 

Chemical bond can be ionic or covalent in nature.

Ionic bonds are formed by lose or gain of electrons between two atoms . Atom which lose electrons carries positive charges (called cations) and other atom which accept electrons carries negative charges ( called anions ) . There is an electrostatic force of attraction between this two ons.

Covalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons between two atoms . Sharing result in overlapping of orbitals and give particular shape to Molecule .

Why Chemical bond forms ?

Noble gases have electronic configuration ns2 np6 (except Helium -1s2) . Each atoms tries to completely fill their outermost orbit by sharing , gaining or losing of electrons, so that they can become as stable as noble gases .

In both cases( Ionic or Covalent Bonds ) , atoms tries to acquire noble gas configuration  by losing , gaining and sharing of electrons and become stable Molecule


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